Reverse Migration: A Response |Sachoiba Inkah|Inpui (Kabui)

Migrants on the road: Zee News

Taleibi swak ungnu cham bing ntunba city/town la ungnu za makka innmwan la ungnu na le mobile connectivity am briakpina ngaisu rwe khatle theisu rwe. Cham khatle information heiya lungsanu maktabe leirik theinu za phangnu tu makka mi bing phaangmu rwe, ngaisu rwe khatle theisu rwe. Heidan kalenu hung briakpina ani talei le rwan talei khetnanu tamga maak rwe diga rinza hung rwe. Balangba ntun zukbi lampui kalei za sanu tu makka information technology khatle connectivity sanu na le bakung to we.

Ani khou lampui-kalei, healthcare khatle offices katei katei le tamga am ung rwe haza makka ADB le North East Frontier Railway  (NEFR) om highway le railway project le progress saga seta ung rwe. Sangwan som/somni nungla ani talei intonu gongbi hung ding bo dinu ani rin ngam mak ae atiyeda ntun lung ungnu gongbina soi makka kale lu rwe dinu balumsanu amme. Heiba development tamga hungna nu bi ani om vision nto ga reframe tuzubo maktabe ani ntoga heiba kalenu ding kadou zubo dinu katupka kakhan lang bathaang lianne.

Act East Policy na North East (NE) India lang kalenu tamga phun hung lu rwe dinu government om badanne atiyeda NE rwanna hading lou kadou lang ready tumak ae dinu researchers khatle government officials rwan om major argument khat ae. Ani talei bi ADB lampui hungbeida major market maktabe bazaar  (Bachakrin, Noney, National Highway 37) khatchale plan maak zuba ani talei bi lampui se thang beida kananu tamgga phang laye. Atiyeda ani taleibi railway stations (Noney/Karwangmwan. Haochong/Pungmon) kani am dingnu na ani kananu inza amlu rwe dinu balumsat amme.

Lampui kalei khatle siantui hwaang hung briakpina kama mu maknu khatle kama setang maknu bingga mu tang rwe khatle se tang rwe. Atiga nakum Wuhan, China bina swaklamnu leina anikum India bi brapka hung tang luga leina India om state bingbi naangloi hung rwe. Anina baningsu zanu ba seimaknu meithaan AIDS leina mi tamga nanu cham theisu we atiga preventive measures le awareness tamga choika damme khatle choika ungme. Intun tangga AIDS leina pisa ngamnu lou maak mai. Heiya lampui kalei sahung luga migration tam thou briakpina leina naang bainu we diga rin bada soi mak ae.

Talei taki (corners) khatla swaknu heiya anikhou hung tang laye dinu maak rwe. Kama patso rwanna inmwanbi bapaanla manna (outsiders) leina leithung phun hung lang kachiga lampui bi thingkungna baat namnu maktabe lung kapan toluga cheksinnu chwan tamga tu ngaak ae. Hadannu preventive measures ka ntun kaanba tu kungnu sui rwe.

Inpui sarwan le ntun India sungbi za makka foreign countries la chwan tuse ungnu maktabe education baloi se ungnu am rwe. Foreign koisenu le tam thou na rwe. Heidannu exposure phangnuna ani lang kananu tamga amme bakungtoga langkaangla chwan tuse ungnu na ani talei lang remittance (sian bathwan hungnu) tamga pi hung nge. Ntun ntun Inpui sarwan Manipur khatle Nagaland paanla lung ungnu, chwan tu ungnu, bahei basing baloi ungnu katei katei ya 300-350 (estimate) khak amme.

Cause and Effect of Reverse Migration

Atiga anikum COVID-19 ripian hungluga India khatle talei bariak katambi lockdown thang briakpina mi katamna chwan tuza lan da rwe khatle education institution thing loi da rwe. Chwan gong nung suiga online bi tuzanu bingna ba-inn innbi chwantunu le sui ungme atiyeda heiba chwan chaat ah tom (limited) me. Online class maktabe seminar/webinar le internet connectivity phangnu riak bingbi setaga ungme.

Mi kasemna chwan tulang metropolitan cities la selu ga chwan tu thou mak baleina lockdown nangnu, school kasu maknu maktabe leina phaangse nu rwanna lampui bi namnu le inza sui rwe. Racial discrimination tunu le tamga dou ungme balangba heiba leina ya China lana swak briakpina Chinese/Mongoloid feature phunnu bing ding inbaang rwan mi kasem na COVID-19 leina phun lang chingna ye.

Heidannu riangrenu hunglune dinu thei mak briakpina ani precaution/preventive measure lou mak ngaak ae. Northeast lanu metropolitan cities la chwan tuse ungnu katamna private company bi chwan tuwe. Atiluga migrants nun om education background basaang maknu/skill training baatnu khatle experience tom briakpina company om administrative position bi chwan tunu tomme. Atiga hung ungnu salary na house rent khatle sa-in lang khai swaknu (monthly expense) kaanbi personal saving tu kungnu inza swak ae. Atiga chwan tu ungnu mi katamna innmwanla nupa rwan/innkhun lang maktabe banao rwan ding bakot lang tamga direct investment tuwe. Mi kasemna marup (chit-fund) suinu sui ye khatle investment katei tunu amme atiyeda haga tome diga rin zaye.

Phang hungnu sianga hand to mouth tuluga rin ungnu le sui maknu mak ae. Atinu risk amnubi ripian kasianu hungluga economy ding pura thing satnu (sledgehammer policy) heiya low income generate tunu migrants langba kungtakka swak ae. Haba chungbi basa banao amnu khatle patso suilungnu inkkhun langna riangre inku we. Heiya inmwan bina langkaangla lungse ungnu khatle siantui balo se ungnu katamna kadou ungnu rwe.

Metros bi NGOs khatle voluntary organization rwanna le suiphaang thangnu amme atiyeda bani om resources le reach limited tuwe. Migrants rwan riangre ungnu thei briakpina Manipur government na langkaang la ungu rwan lang Rs. 2000 (Tengbang) financial assistance piye. Atiluga Delhi bi ungnu rwan lang dry ration le kasem thang nge.

Haza makka innla swak za dam lang Shramik Special Train pi luga India briak teitei bi amnu ding tamga evacuate tu we. Atiyeda heipai dannu government om bateng mibing phang mak ae. Haza mak ae, Tamenglong Constituency om MLA Shri Samuel Jendai na le baom constituency bi lungnu (18 years and above) rwan langkaang la ungnu lang Rs.2000 pi swak damme. Atiluga Inpui sa rwan langle ADC Chairman, Tamenglong na Rs. 20,000 pithang nge khatle Haochong segment om ADC member Shri B. Thambou nale Rs.15,000 pi thang damme.

Ntun ntun le evacuation process tamga seta ungmai atiyeda normal train khatle flight lat swak latnu kaanbi migrants rwan tamga innmwan se latnu zaye. Ntun ntun inn han hung ungnu rwanna ba-inn innkhun ding support tu ungnu katamme. Siantui lampui maak hungnu khatle COVID-19 leina city bi inku ka ung briakpina safety measures tuga inswaknu le suinu we.

India government om plan siat-siatnu maaknu le bachamga private firms bingnale sungtamnu amme atibriakpina workers/employees ding leave without pay maktabe chwan bina lousatnu tamga swak ungme. Heiba leina khatle lockdown om effect anikum sangwan maktabe kumthang tangga kungnu swaknu zaye dinu experts rwanna opinion tamga pi ungme.

Challenges and Ways Forward

Inkhun bi sian intaannu khatna source maak hungnu heiya mibing lang kungnu we. Hung ungnu financial income ga innmwan bi circulate tu briakpina innkhun khatcha lang za kungnu tu makka inmwan lang tangga kungnu swak ae. Ntun ntun tangga Manipur/Nagaland outside lana innswak lamnu wa 80 (Inpui) khak tang da rwe (4 June). Inswak lang chamdaan ungnu khatle ticket kak thangnu le kasem sui ungmai. Outside Manipur bi zana makka Imphal, Noney, Tamenglong katei katei bina inmwan bi han hungnu tamga am rwe. Reverse migration seta ungnu heiya ani society bi kalenu kasem swaknu zaye.

Atiga major labour exporting states bachakrin, Uttar Pradesh (UP), Bihar, Madhya Pradesh dannu rwanna state government ding job create tulang tamga pressure pi ungme. UP government na “Migration Commission” lingthou lang le CM Yogi Adityanath na order swak ta rwe.

Northeastern states rwanle sin beida labour export tu we. Manipur sarwan le tamga Shramik Train, bus le flight bina han hungga ungme. Heiya katamma city la chwan tuse nu we. Ani Inpui sa rwanle katamna chwan tuse nu we. Migrants rwanna inmwan hanhung latnu kaanbi housing demand, job demand amlune atiluga COVID-19 inkukanu ding kachinu amme. Atiga innmwan la han hung luga pa-aam chwan tulang bo dinu kungnu inza amme. 

Manipur government nale heiba leina om kachi nu ambriakpina intun tangga chwan tuthou lang lat thang makka ungme. Ani khou major employment na agriculture and allied activities, animal husbandry, business le education sectors biye. Atiyeda ani om louchwan tok bi taram gong nung suiga tuilou hanzanu riak tomme atiga katamna chingkao (slash and burn) lou tuga hanne. Ntunba lou han lang loubaat talat zala ru briakpina anikum khatle kumthang ani om social finance bi kungnu dounu za ye.

Louchwan khatle farm tu mak zuba ani business/agro-business tu ungnule tu kunglu rwe. Atiluga kamaang nilai la anpek anna bi resource constraint kasem swaknu zaye. Heiba riakpina anikhou “tragedy of the common” dinu issue le swaknu zaye.

Ntun tun South Africa, Arab countries khatle India bi takhao (locust) na  thingkung khatle anna-anpek satum sat ungnu heiyana le kumthang India om food production chain bi affect tunu za rwe. Government na COVID-19 bi emphasis pichaak la ungbi heipai dannu natural calamities-cyclone, fire, locust plague hungnu heiya lukok ungbi thakra tanu padam ga swak rwe. Atibriakpina han ungnu tuilou, chingkao lou (field) khatle farm (fruit/vegetable, plantation etc.) bi ani emphasis piluga lou/farm ga sin ngaak beida maximum production phangza lang rakhe chuiga rakhenu sa lu rwe. Job scarcity tu briakpina am ungnu chwan pham bi emphasis pinu le bachamga government khou na bateng louzanu loulang tununa salune.

Louchwan tunu khatle farm tunu chwanna labour intensive tubriakpina labour excess katam ga heipai chwan pham bi khutlu rwe dinu experts rwan om opinion ne.  Atiga BPO/online bina office bi chwan tuzanu gale electricity le internet connectivity issue am briakpina kungnu inza le amme. Atiluga urban areas lana train tuthangnu expertise (skill) ga inmwanla sezin za maknule swak maknu mak ae. Atibriakpina “dignity of labour” heiya bathaang lianne. Mikhat chwan ding rin batanu tu mak ding gaye. Atiyeda chwan tu ungnu ding thougat thangnu khatle kachui thangnu na ani mibing lang aisa lune. Heidannu ripianbi/crises bi inn hungnu nurse rwannale bani om contribution tamga pi ngam lune dinu balumsaye.

Atiga ntun ntun central government na MNREGA bi emphasis pi lat ungme. Atiluga Congress rule state Chhattisgarh na NYAY social welfare programme for farmers choika ung rwe. Manipur government nale tasai/ration khatle financial assistance Annapurna le NSAP National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) thweibi kasem ungme. Bakung toga, central government na choika om project scheme rwanzo: skill development programme, relief, PM KISAN scheme, scheme for widow, elderly, and differently-abled, housing scheme katei tei ye.

Louchwan tu ungnu rwanna bahoubasa om khwatui dingza ngaaknu tu makka Agriculture le Horticulture Department ding kutkai kale luga am ungnu resources ding into ga production pi inku kaza bo dinu ani zong lang bathaang amme. Manipur government na heiba COVID-19 pandemic sungbi agriculture khatle horticulture bi tamga emphasis pi ung briakpina water tank, pipe, khatle loubi sizin zanu potchaat tamga louzalune dinu balumsaye.

Manipur state le self-reliant khatle economically sustainable tuza lang government na Task Force on Agriculture and Horticulture formed tuthang da rwe. State na grass-root level bi Self Help Group (SHG) khatle Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) lang financial assistance tugale pi ungme. Ani society biba ntun ntun social entrepreneurs’ tom me, bakhwa sei maknu lakpi heile inku kalune diga balumsaye.

Atiga heiba pandemic na seswak sekhutnu bi khatle ani chwan bi thingnu am ding briakpina  handloom /weaving(pwan-la choinu), agro-business, bee keeping (khwei dwannu), spice production, medicinal herbs cultivation, flower gardening, animal husbandry (khouring bakotnu), carpentry (thingchwan tunu), mushroom farming, fishery (nga dwannu), handicraft/basketry, chwan dannu choika zanu bing choikaye bi salune. Atiluga inmwan bi social distancing norms follow tuluga ani om cultural heritage ding kannu chwan le choika zalune. Ageiya youth club khatle student union om chwan tamga amme.

Atiyeda am ungnu economic/financial condition bina chwan kathan create (new job creation) tulang maktabe am ungnu ga-chwan tuthou lat lang maktabe piring ka latlung kungnu inza amme. Inmwan biza makka India lian job shortage am rwe. Minister of Labour and Employment Bandaru Dattatreya na ntun ntun om economic growth ding ‘jobless growth’ diga rinne. Heilangna government na MGNREGA bi emphasis pilat ungnu we balangbe job card chwan na jobless migrants rwan lang direct financial benefit phangnu gana rural economy ding kasem sustain tuza lune dinu we. Heidannu crisis hunglena ani society ba economically self-sustained tu ngam lu zwe dinu balumsat thang nge.

Talei bi swak ungnu locust plague , Amphan cyclone, kamaang meichoknu heiza bing nga “climate change” le tamga mari mata am kaleye diga scientist rwanna rinne. Atibriakpina ani indigenous community khat toga kama ani pupi rwanna kamaang khatle inmwan taram ram raaknu maktabe

lampui kombi thingkung lingnu chwan inzaga ani bazei latluga ani om environment ding hama sanu gongbi into rakhe zubo dinu katupka kakhan  dingnu thou we. Ntun ntun Pungmon khatle Haochong na sekoi (hunting) thingnu chwan choika ungnu heiya mibing lang sanu we. Heipai dannu initiative ah effective tulang nam katei (neighbouring villages) rwan le louzo balangbe inmwan khat kani zana heipai restriction thangnu ba choungtam laa tam dingnu amme.

Atiga heidannu crisis bina opportunity create tulang le tuzo. Ani khou infrastructure pa-aam baatpo dinu le kakhan zo. Medical healthcare facilities khatle social infrastructure-school dannu, community housing, sports facilities, transport, court house, residential students accommodation, training facilities katei baatnu heiza ya ani thei thangluga Haochong Sub-Division/area bi sa inku zanu ga government khou approach tu lang bathaang lianne balang ba social infrastructure sanu state khatle society bingna heidannu ripian maktabe crisis hungbi mitigate tubaiga tu ungme. Heiya ani sui bazei maknu za la ye.

Ani khatle khatle kut kai karung mak ae be riangre ungnu rwanna riangre kadei kadeinu swak tingnu am rwe. Government om relief le financial assistance zana sustain tulang dinu kung lune atibriakpina community responsibility tamga amme. Pooling of community resources for mutual benefit heiya bathaang amme. Bachakrin, Church paddy for relief, kut kazum tasai katei katei.

Atiga mibing lang kung dingnu amzuba anikum private individual na inmwan om resources (tree, wood, vegetables) bathaang amtrapnu zana lou lang diga han thang zaye. Baningsu zanu amme, Pantong bi anlwak zwan lang anlwak kung rok tamlai da inmwanna rok maklang thingnu heipai danga anna anpek raonu le restriction kasem bacha thangluga mibing kana za lang kakhannuna salune atimak ae bi resource limited tu briakpina choungtam laa tamnu le swak nu zaye.

Kakham bi heiba ripian om langbi bazenu information lou zo khatle thei bathiang lang karam zo. Atiluga Ri dingle balumsanule bachamga scientists/medical professionals na rin ungnu ga ngaizo. Heiba pandemic loimak/daita mak saan government khatle civil administration ding le suikabapon thang zo khatle bani ding kutkailuga ani khanglup le pa-aam chwan choika zabo dinu kakhanluga sungkazon ga ung zo.